In multi-antenna transceivers with all-digital beamforming, the number of radio frequency (RF) chains necessarily equals the number of antennas, which entails a large hardware complexity and power consumption when deploying large antenna arrays. …
Hybrid precoders, consisting of an analog hardware-constrained part operating at radio frequency (RF) and a digital part operating at baseband, reduce the RF implementation complexity and power consumption of multi-antenna transceivers, at the …