Radio frequency (RF)-based indoor positioning systems (IPSs) use wireless technologies (including Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and ultra-wide band (UWB)) to estimate the location of persons in areas where no Global Positioning System (GPS) reception is …
The widespread deployment of Wi-Fi communication makes it easy to find Wi-Fi access points in the indoor environment, which enables us to use them for Wi-Fi fingerprint positioning. Although much research is devoted to this topic in the literature, …
The main drawback today for range-based indoor localization is the requirement of a sufficient amount of fixed reference nodes within radio range of the user. However, these reference nodes, called anchors, are expensive and require professional …