In multi-antenna transceivers with all-digital beamforming, the number of radio frequency (RF) chains necessarily equals the number of antennas, which entails a large hardware complexity and power consumption when deploying large antenna arrays. …
The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gap approximation provides a closed-form expression for the SNR required for a coded modulation system to achieve a given target error performance for a given constellation size. This approximation has been widely used …